Io

Drug Index

Iobenguane, or MIBG, is an aralkylguanidine analog of the adrenergic neurotransmitter, typically used as a radiopharmaceutical.[1] It acts as a blocking agent for adrenergic neurons. When radiolabeled, it can be used in nuclear medicinal diagnostic and therapy techniques as well as in neuroendocrine chemotherapy treatments. It localizes to adrenergic tissue and thus can be used to identify the location of tumors such as pheochromocytomas and neuroblastomas.[2] ...

Drug Index

Lugol's iodine, also known as aqueous iodine and strong iodine solution, is a solution of potassium iodide with iodine in water.[2] It is a medication and disinfectant used for a number of purposes.[3][4] Taken by mouth it is used to treat thyrotoxicosis until surgery can be carried out, protect the thyroid gland from radioactive iodine, and to treat iodine deficiency.[4][5] When applied to the cervix it is used t...

Drug Index

Iodine-125 (125I) is a radioisotope of iodine which has uses in biological assays, nuclear medicine imaging and in radiation therapy as brachytherapy to treat a number of conditions, including prostate cancer, uveal melanomas, and brain tumors. It is the second longest-lived radioisotope of iodine, after iodine-129. Its half-life is 59.49 days and it decays by electron capture to an excited state of tellurium-125. This state is not the metastable 125mTe, but rather a lower energy state that d...

Drug Index

Isopropyl alcohol (IUPAC name propan-2-ol and also called isopropanol or 2-propanol) is a colorless, flammable chemical compound (chemical formula CH3CHOHCH3) with a strong odor.[8] As an isopropyl group linked to a hydroxyl group, it is the simplest example of a secondary alcohol, where the alcohol carbon atom is attached to two other carbon atoms. It is a structural isomer of 1-propanol and ethyl methyl ether. It is used in the manufacture of a wide variety of industrial and...

Drug Index

Iodixanol is an iodine-containing non-ionic radiocontrast agent.[1] It is sold under the trade name Visipaque; it is also sold as a density gradient medium under the name OptiPrep.[2] Visipaque is commonly used as a contrast agent during coronary angiography. It is the only iso-osmolar contrast agent, with an osmolality of 290 mOsm/kg H2O, the same as blood. It is sold in 2 main concentrations 270 mgI/ml and 320 mgI/ml - hence the name Visipaque 270 or 320. ...

Drug Index

The quinoline derivative diiodohydroxyquinoline (INN), or iodoquinol (USAN), can be used in the treatment of amoebiasis.[1] It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is used as a luminal amebicide. It acts by chelation of ferrous ions essential for metabolism.[2] It was discovered by Adco Co. and introduced as diiodohydroxyquinoline.[3] Susceptibility of Dientamoeba fragilis has been measured.[4] Iodoquinol is an ...

Sodium Iodide I-131

Sodium iodide (chemical formula NaI) is an ionic compound formed from the chemical reaction of sodium metal and iodine. Under standard conditions, it is a white, water-soluble solid comprising a 1:1 mix of sodium cations (Na+) and iodide anions (I−) in a crystal lattice. It is used mainly as a nutritional supplement and in organic chemistry. It is produced industrially as the salt formed when acidic iodides react with sodium hydroxide.[11] It is a chaotropic salt. Conte...

Brompheniramine + Pseudoephedrine

Brompheniramine, sold under the brand name Dimetapp among others, is a first-generation antihistamine drug of the propylamine (alkylamine) class.[2] It is indicated for the treatment of the symptoms of the common cold and allergic rhinitis, such as runny nose, itchy eyes, watery eyes, and sneezing. Like the other first-generation drugs of its class, it is considered a sedating antihistamine.[2] It was patented in 1948 and came into medical use in 1955.[...

Brompheniramine + Pseudoephedrine

Brompheniramine, sold under the brand name Dimetapp among others, is a first-generation antihistamine drug of the propylamine (alkylamine) class.[2] It is indicated for the treatment of the symptoms of the common cold and allergic rhinitis, such as runny nose, itchy eyes, watery eyes, and sneezing. Like the other first-generation drugs of its class, it is considered a sedating antihistamine.[2] It was patented in 1948 and came into medical use in 1955.[...

Drug Index

Ioflupane (123I) is the international nonproprietary name (INN) of a cocaine analogue which is a neuro-imaging radiopharmaceutical drug, used in nuclear medicine for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and the differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease over other disorders presenting similar symptoms. During the DaT scan procedure it is injected into a patient and viewed with a gamma camera in order to acquire SPECT images of the brain with particular respect to the striatum, a subcortica...

Drug Index

Iohexol, sold under the trade name Omnipaque among others, is a contrast agent used for X-ray imaging.[1] This includes when visualizing arteries, veins, ventricles of the brain, the urinary system, and joints, as well as during computed tomography (CT scan).[1] It is given by mouth, injection into a vein, or into a body cavity.[2] Side effects include vomiting, skin flushing, headache, itchiness, kidney problems, and low blood pressure.&#91...

Phentermine

Phentermine (phenyl-tertiary-butylamine), with several brand names including Ionamin and Sentis, is a medication used together with diet and exercise to treat obesity.[3] It is taken by mouth for up to a few weeks at a time, after which the beneficial effects no longer occur.[3] It is also available as the combination phentermine/topiramate.[5] Common side effects include a fast heart beat, high blood pressure, trouble sleeping, dizziness, and r...

Coal Tar

Coal tar is a thick dark liquid which is a by-product of the production of coke and coal gas from coal.[2][3] It has both medical and industrial uses.[2][4] Medicinally it is a topical medication applied to skin to treat psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff).[5] It may be used in combination with ultraviolet light therapy.[5] Industrially it is a railroad tie preservative and used in the s...

Drug Index

An electrolyte is a medium containing ions that is electrically conducting through the movement of ions, but not conducting electrons.[1][2][3] This includes most soluble salts, acids, and bases dissolved in a polar solvent, such as water. Upon dissolving, the substance separates into cations and anions, which disperse uniformly through the solvent. Solid-state electrolytes also exist. In medicine, the term electrolyte refers to the substance th...

Drug Index

An electrolyte is a medium containing ions that is electrically conducting through the movement of ions, but not conducting electrons.[1][2][3] This includes most soluble salts, acids, and bases dissolved in a polar solvent, such as water. Upon dissolving, the substance separates into cations and anions, which disperse uniformly through the solvent. Solid-state electrolytes also exist. In medicine, the term electrolyte refers to the substance th...

Drug Index

An electrolyte is a medium containing ions that is electrically conducting through the movement of ions, but not conducting electrons.[1][2][3] This includes most soluble salts, acids, and bases dissolved in a polar solvent, such as water. Upon dissolving, the substance separates into cations and anions, which disperse uniformly through the solvent. Solid-state electrolytes also exist. In medicine, the term electrolyte refers to the substance th...

Fentanyliontophoretic

Fentanyl, also spelled fentanil, is a powerful opioid used as a pain medication and, together with other medications, for anesthesia.[3] It is also used as a recreational drug, sometimes mixed with heroin, cocaine, or methamphetamine. Its potentially deadly overdose effects can be neutralized by naloxone.[5] Fentanyl is commonly used to create counterfeit drugs marketed as OxyContin, Xanax, Adderall, and other pills. It has a rapid onset and its effects general...

Drug Index

Iopamidol (INN), sold under the brand name Isovue among others, is a nonionic, low-osmolar iodinated contrast agent, developed by Bracco Diagnostics. It is available in various concentrations, from 200 to 370 mgI/mL.[4] Medical uses Iopamidol is indicated for angiography throughout the cardiovascular system, including cerebral and peripheral arteriography, coronary arteriography and ventriculography, pediatric angiocardiography, selective visceral arteriography and aortogra...

Codeine + Guaifenesin

Cold medicines are a group of medications taken individually or in combination as a treatment for the symptoms of the common cold and similar conditions of the upper respiratory tract. The term encompasses a broad array of drugs, including analgesics, antihistamines and decongestants, among many others. It also includes drugs which are marketed as cough suppressants or antitussives, but their effectiveness in reducing cough symptoms is unclear or minimal.[1][2]...

Apraclonidine

Apraclonidine (INN), also known under the brand name Iopidine, is a sympathomimetic used in glaucoma therapy. It is an α2 adrenergic receptor agonist and a weak α1 adrenergic receptor agonist.[citation needed] Topical apraclonidine is administered at a concentration of 1% for the prevention and treatment of post-surgical intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation and 0.5% for short-term adjunctive therapy in patients on maximally tolerated medical therapy who require addit...