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Prenatal vitamins, also known as prenatal supplements, are vitamin and mineral supplements intended to be taken before and during pregnancy and during postnatal lactation. Although not intended to replace a healthy diet, prenatal vitamins provide women of childbearing age with nutrients recognized by the various health organizations including the American Dietetic Association[citation needed] as helpful for a healthy pregnancy outcome. It may be appropriate to start taking pr...

Drug Index

Coenzyme Q, also known as ubiquinone, is a coenzyme family that is ubiquitous in animals and most bacteria (hence the name ubiquinone). In humans, the most common form is coenzyme Q10 or ubiquinone-10. CoQ10 is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of any medical condition;[1] however, it is sold as a dietary supplement and is an ingredient in some cosmetics.[2][3] It is a 1,4-benzoquinone, where Q refers ...

Acetaminophen + Hydrocodone

Hydrocodone/paracetamol (also known as hydrocodone/acetaminophen) is the combination of the pain medications hydrocodone and paracetamol (acetaminophen).[1] It is used to treat moderate to severe pain.[1][2] It is taken orally. [1] Recreational use is common in the United States.[3][4] Common side effects include dizziness, sleepiness, constipation, and vomiting.[1][2&#9...

Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim, SMX-TMP

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, sold under the brand name Bactrim among others, is a fixed-dose combination antibiotic medication used to treat a variety of bacterial infections.[2] It consists of one part trimethoprim to five parts sulfamethoxazole.[7] It is used to treat urinary tract infections, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin infections, travelers' diarrhea, respiratory tract infections, and cholera, among others.[2]&a...

Emivirine

Emivirine (MKC-442) is a failed experimental agent for the treatment of HIV. It is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.[1] While emivirine showed promising antiviral activity in vitro, it failed to show sufficient efficacy in human trials. However it is still notable as an early proof of concept, which led to the discovery of a number of related antiviral drugs.[2] .mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:bot...

Drug Index

Coal tar is a thick dark liquid which is a by-product of the production of coke and coal gas from coal.[2][3] It has both medical and industrial uses.[2][4] Medicinally it is a topical medication applied to skin to treat psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff).[5] It may be used in combination with ultraviolet light therapy.[5] Industrially it is a railroad tie preservative and used in the s...

Drug Index

Salicylic acid is an organic compound with the formula HOC6H4CO2H. A colorless, bitter-tasting solid, it is a precursor to and a metabolite of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid). It is a plant hormone,[9] and has been listed by the EPA Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Substance Inventory as an experimental teratogen.[10] The name is from Latin salix for willow tree. It is an ingredient in some anti-acne products. Salts and esters of salicylic acid are...

Artemether + Lumefantrine

Artemether/lumefantrine, sold under the trade name Coartem among others, is a combination of the two medications artemether and lumefantrine.[1] It is used to treat malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum that is not treatable with chloroquine.[1] It is not typically used to prevent malaria.[1] It is taken by mouth.[1] Common side effects include muscle and joint pains, fever, loss of appetite, and headache.[1] Se...

Tianeptine

Tianeptine, sold under the brand names Stablon and Coaxil among others, is an atypical antidepressant which is used mainly in the treatment of major depressive disorder, although it may also be used to treat anxiety, asthma, and irritable bowel syndrome.[1][2][3] Tianeptine has antidepressant and anxiolytic effects[9] with a relative lack of sedative, anticholinergic, and cardiovascular side effects.[7][10...

Drug Index

Cobicistat, sold under the brand name Tybost, is a medication for use in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV/AIDS). Its major mechanism of action is through the inhibition of human CYP3A proteins.[1][non-primary source needed] Like ritonavir (Norvir), cobicistat is of interest for its ability to inhibit liver enzymes that metabolize other medications used to treat HIV, notably elvitegravir, an HIV integrase inhibitor. By combining cobic...

Drug Index

Elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir, sold under the brand name Stribild, also known as the Quad pill, is a fixed-dose combination antiretroviral medication for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. Elvitegravir, emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil directly suppress viral reproduction. Cobicistat increases the effectiveness of the combination by inhibiting the liver and gut wall enzymes that metabolize elvitegravir. The drug is manufactured by Gilead Sciences. An increase in the serum cre...

Drug Index

Cobimetinib, sold under the brand name Cotellic, is an anti-cancer medication used in combination with vemurafenib (Zelboraf) alone or with both vemurafenib and atezolizumab (Tecentriq) to treat melanoma.[1][5] Cobimetinib is a MEK inhibitor.[1] Cotellic, Zelboraf, and Tecentriq are all marketed by Genentech, a subsidiary of Roche.[1][5][6] The most common side effects include diarrhea, rash, nause...

Drug Index

Cocaine (from French: cocaïne, from Spanish: coca, ultimately from Quechua: kúka)[14] is a tropane alkaloid and stimulant drug obtained primarily from the leaves of two coca species native to South America, Erythroxylum coca and Erythroxylum novogranatense.[15] It is most commonly used as a recreational drug and euphoriant.[16] After extraction from coca leaves and further processing into cocaine hydrochloride (powdered cocaine), the d...

Drug Index

Coccidioides immitis is a pathogenic fungus that resides in the soil in certain parts of the southwestern United States, northern Mexico, and a few other areas in the Western Hemisphere.[2] Contents 1 Epidemiology 1.1 Precise location 2 Clinical manifestation 3 Treatment 3.1 Azoles 3.2 Amphotericin 3.3 Duration of therapy and costs 4 HHS select agents listing 5 References 6 External links Epidemiology C. immitis, along with its relative C. posadasii,[3&...

Drug Index

Cocoa butter, also called theobroma oil, is a pale-yellow, edible fat extracted from the cocoa bean. It is used to make chocolate, as well as some ointments, toiletries, and pharmaceuticals.[2] Cocoa butter has a cocoa flavor and aroma. Its melting point is just below human body temperature. Contents 1 Extraction and composition 1.1 Adulterants 2 Substitutes 3 Uses 3.1 Personal care 4 Physical properties 5 References Extraction and composition The main constitue...

Drug Index

Cod liver oil is a dietary supplement derived from liver of cod fish (Gadidae).[1] As with most fish oils, it contains the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and also vitamin A and vitamin D. Historically, it was given to children because vitamin D had been shown to prevent rickets, a consequence of vitamin D deficiency.[2] Contents 1 Manufacture 2 Therapeutic uses 3 Potential adverse effects 4 Other uses 5 See als...

Hydrocodone

Hydrocodone (Dihydrocodeinone) is an opioid used to treat pain and as a cough suppressant.[9] It is taken by mouth.[9] Typically it is dispensed as the combination acetaminophen/hydrocodone or ibuprofen/hydrocodone for pain severe enough to require an opioid[10][11] and in combination with homatropine methylbromide to relieve cough.[9] It is also available by itself in a long-acting form under the brand name Zohyd...

Chlorpheniramine + Codeine + Pseudoephedrine

Phensidyl is a cough linctus, a liquid preparation like syrup which contains glucose in high concentration for better taste. Its active ingredients include codeine phosphate, pseudoephedrine and chlorpheniramine maleate. It is often used as a recreational narcotic and/or antidepressant. Some people in India, Nepal and Bangladesh are addicted to Phensidyl. The syrup is illegal in Bangladesh and related to various crime, but not in India. Phensidyl is produced only in India and Burma (Myanmar)....

Drug Index

Codeine is an opiate and prodrug of morphine used to treat pain, coughing, and diarrhea. It is found naturally in the sap of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum.[3][5] It is typically used to treat mild to moderate degrees of pain.[3] Greater benefit may occur when combined with paracetamol (acetaminophen) or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) such as aspirin or ibuprofen.[3] Evidence does not support its use for acute...

Drug Index

Cold medicines are a group of medications taken individually or in combination as a treatment for the symptoms of the common cold and similar conditions of the upper respiratory tract. The term encompasses a broad array of drugs, including analgesics, antihistamines and decongestants, among many others. It also includes drugs which are marketed as cough suppressants or antitussives, but their effectiveness in reducing cough symptoms is unclear or minimal.[1][2]...