M L

Methyl Aminolevulinate

Methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) is a drug used as a sensitizer in photodynamic therapy. It is a prodrug that is metabolized to protoporphyrin IX. It is marketed as Metvix. Metvix cream is applied topically and some time later the skin is illuminated with a proprietary red light (630nm) source (medical lamp 'Aktilite') to activate the photosensitiser. Metvix is developed by Photocure and Galderma has bought all rights to Metvix.[1] Approvals and indications Interim result of...

Drug Category

Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease of humans and other animals caused by protists (a type of microorganism) of the genus Plasmodium. It begins with a bite from an infected female Anopheles mosquito, which introduces the protists through saliva into the circulatory system. In the blood, the protists travel to the liver to mature and reproduce. Malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever and headache, which in severe cases can progress to coma or death. The disease is wides...

Atovaquone + Proguanil

Atovaquone/proguanil, sold under the brand name Malarone among others, is a fixed-dose combination medication used to treat and prevent malaria, including chloroquine-resistant malaria.[1][2] It contains atovaquone and proguanil.[2] It is not recommended for severe or complicated malaria.[2] It is taken by mouth.[2] Common side effects include abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, cough, and itchiness.[2&...

Atovaquone + Proguanil

Atovaquone/proguanil, sold under the brand name Malarone among others, is a fixed-dose combination medication used to treat and prevent malaria, including chloroquine-resistant malaria.[1][2] It contains atovaquone and proguanil.[2] It is not recommended for severe or complicated malaria.[2] It is taken by mouth.[2] Common side effects include abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, cough, and itchiness.[2&...

Belladonna + Butabarbital

Butabarbital (brand name Butisol) is a prescription barbiturate sleep aid and anxiety medication. Butabarbital has a particularly fast onset of effects and short duration of action compared to other barbiturates, which makes it useful for certain applications such as treating severe insomnia, relieving general anxiety and relieving anxiety before surgical procedures; however it is also relatively dangerous particularly when combined with alcohol, and so is now rarely used, although it is stil...

Drug Index

Malathion is an organophosphate insecticide which acts as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. In the USSR, it was known as carbophos, in New Zealand and Australia as maldison and in South Africa as mercaptothion. Contents 1 Pesticide use 2 Mechanism of action 3 Production method 4 Medical use 5 Safety 5.1 General 5.2 Carcinogenicity 5.3 Amphibians 6 See also 7 References 8 External links Pesticide use Malathion is a pesticide that is widely used in agriculture, residential landscapin...

Tetrahydrozoline

Tetryzoline (also known as tetrahydrozoline) is a drug used in some over-the-counter eye drops and nasal sprays. Tetryzoline was patented in 1954, and came into medical use in 1959.[3] Contents 1 Side effects 1.1 Overdose 2 Pharmacology 2.1 Pharmacodynamics 2.2 Pharmacokinetics 3 Chemistry 4 Society and culture 4.1 Names 4.2 Urban legend 4.3 Criminal use 5 References Side effects Tetryzoline eye drops may cause blurred vision, eye irritation and dilated pupils....

Povidone-Iodine

Povidone-iodine (PVP-I), also known as iodopovidone, is an antiseptic used for skin disinfection before and after surgery.[1][2] It may be used both to disinfect the hands of healthcare providers and the skin of the person they are caring for.[2] It may also be used for minor wounds.[2] It may be applied to the skin as a liquid or a powder.[2] Side effects include skin irritation and sometimes swelling.[1&...

Ethinyl Estradiol + Ethynodiol Diacetate

Etynodiol diacetate, or ethynodiol diacetate, sold under the brand names Demulen and Femulen among others, is a progestin medication which is used in birth control pills.[2][3][4] The medication is available only in combination with an estrogen.[5] It is taken by mouth.[6] Etynodiol diacetate is a progestin, or a synthetic progestogen, and hence is an agonist of the progesterone receptor, the biological target of ...

Drug Index

Laxatives, purgatives, or aperients are substances that loosen stools and increase bowel movements. They are used to treat and prevent constipation. Laxatives vary as to how they work and the side effects they may have. Certain stimulant, lubricant, and saline laxatives are used to evacuate the colon for rectal and bowel examinations, and may be supplemented by enemas under certain circumstances. Sufficiently high doses of laxatives may cause diarrhea. Some laxatives combine more than one act...

Malt Soup Extract

Laxatives, purgatives, or aperients are substances that loosen stools and increase bowel movements. They are used to treat and prevent constipation. Laxatives vary as to how they work and the side effects they may have. Certain stimulant, lubricant, and saline laxatives are used to evacuate the colon for rectal and bowel examinations, and may be supplemented by enemas under certain circumstances. Sufficiently high doses of laxatives may cause diarrhea. Some laxatives combine more than one act...

Melanoma Vaccine

A cancer vaccine is a vaccine that either treats existing cancer or prevents development of cancer.[1] Vaccines that treat existing cancer are known as therapeutic cancer vaccines. Some of the vaccines are "autologous", being prepared from samples taken from the patient, and are specific to that patient. Some researchers claim that cancerous cells routinely arise and are destroyed by the immune system (immunosurveillance);[2] and that tumors form when the immun...

Drug Index

Ximelagatran (Exanta or Exarta, H 376/95) is an anticoagulant that has been investigated extensively as a replacement for warfarin[1] that would overcome the problematic dietary, drug interaction, and monitoring issues associated with warfarin therapy. In 2006, its manufacturer AstraZeneca announced that it would withdraw pending applications for marketing approval after reports of hepatotoxicity (liver damage) during trials, and discontinue its distribution in countries where...

Acetaminophen + Melatonin

Melatonin is a hormone primarily released by the pineal gland at night, and has long been associated with control of the sleep–wake cycle.[2][4] In vertebrates, melatonin is involved in synchronizing circadian rhythms, including sleep–wake timing and blood pressure regulation, and in control of seasonal rhythmicity including reproduction, fattening, moulting and hibernation.[5] Many of its effects are through activation of the melato...

Hydroquinone

Hydroquinone, also known as benzene-1,4-diol or quinol, is an aromatic organic compound that is a type of phenol, a derivative of benzene, having the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2. It has two hydroxyl groups bonded to a benzene ring in a para position. It is a white granular solid. Substituted derivatives of this parent compound are also referred to as hydroquinones. The name "hydroquinone" was coined by Friedrich Wöhler in 1843.[7] Contents 1 Production 2 Reactions 2....

Drug Index

A cancer vaccine is a vaccine that either treats existing cancer or prevents development of cancer.[1] Vaccines that treat existing cancer are known as therapeutic cancer vaccines. Some of the vaccines are "autologous", being prepared from samples taken from the patient, and are specific to that patient. Some researchers claim that cancerous cells routinely arise and are destroyed by the immune system (immunosurveillance);[2] and that tumors form when the immun...

Drug Index

Melarsoprol is an arsenic-containing medication used for the treatment of sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis).[1] It is specifically used for second-stage disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense when the central nervous system is involved.[1] For Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, eflornithine or fexinidazole is usually preferred.[1] It is effective in about 95% of people.[3] It is given by injection into a vein.&...

Melatonin

Melatonin is a hormone primarily released by the pineal gland at night, and has long been associated with control of the sleep–wake cycle.[2][4] In vertebrates, melatonin is involved in synchronizing circadian rhythms, including sleep–wake timing and blood pressure regulation, and in control of seasonal rhythmicity including reproduction, fattening, moulting and hibernation.[5] Many of its effects are through activation of the melato...

Drug Index

Melatonin is a hormone primarily released by the pineal gland at night, and has long been associated with control of the sleep–wake cycle.[2][4] In vertebrates, melatonin is involved in synchronizing circadian rhythms, including sleep–wake timing and blood pressure regulation, and in control of seasonal rhythmicity including reproduction, fattening, moulting and hibernation.[5] Many of its effects are through activation of the melato...

Phendimetrazine

Phendimetrazine (Bontril, Adipost, Anorex-SR, Appecon, Melfiat, Obezine, Phendiet, Plegine, Prelu-2, Statobex) is a stimulant drug of the morpholine chemical class used as an appetite suppressant.[1] Contents 1 Pharmacology 2 Legality 3 See also 4 References Pharmacology Phendimetrazine functions as a prodrug to phenmetrazine; approximately 30 percent of an oral dose is converted into it. Phendimetrazine can essentially be thought of as an extended-release formulation o...